Skip to main content

Does consciousness influence quantum systems (double-slit PK)?

12 min read
Supporting (17) Critical (13)
30
Total Papers

Quick Summary

A series of experiments, primarily from Dean Radin's lab at IONS, claims that human conscious observation or intention can influence the interference pattern in a double-slit optical system β€” a quantum-level psychokinesis (PK) effect.

If real, this would link consciousness directly to quantum measurement processes.

Current Consensus

The double-slit PK paradigm is one of the most provocative claims in psi research because it directly implicates consciousness in quantum mechanics. Radin's lab has published a steady series of results spanning over a decade (2012-2025), though the 2021 report is notable for having a null planned analysis with only exploratory post hoc analyses showing positive results. Independent pre-registered replications outside IONS (Maier 2018, 2020) have generally found null results. The Walleczek & von Stillfried (2019, 2020) AMP-based replication found a significant false-positive effect in a control condition but null results for Radin's predicted true-positive conditions, and documented HARKing in Radin et al.'s response β€” raising concerns about the reliability of the entire paradigm's statistical claims. Tremblay (2019) independently re-analyzed Radin's 2-year dataset and identified a critical statistical error (trimming before bootstrapping) that inflated significance by ~5 orders of magnitude (claimed p=10⁻⁸, actual p>0.05 after proper correction). Critics point to the lack of successful independent replication, the reliance on post hoc metrics, Jeffers' null results, and now documented statistical errors and false positives. Proponents counter that the protocol requires specific expertise and that Radin's series shows internal consistency across multiple metrics. The broader mind-matter meta-analysis (Bosch 2006) does not specifically address the double-slit paradigm but casts doubt on the wider class of PK effects. This controversy remains unresolved and is likely to intensify as more labs attempt the protocol.

Evidence Breakdown

Based on 30 papers

Supporting Evidence

2025

Observer Influence on Quantum Interference: Testing the von Neumann-Wigner Consciousness-Collapse Theory

Radin (2025) -- Preregistered 47-participant diffraction grating experiment with custom-built at-home interferometers; three primary hypotheses not supported overall, but exploratory trend analysis...

2023

Quantum Aspects of the Brain-Mind Relationship: A Hypothesis with Supporting Evidence

Kauffman & Radin (2023) -- Proposes a quantum-mind theoretical framework (Res potentia / Res extensa) that predicts consciousness-mediated effects on physical systems; reviews the double-slit serie...

2022

Psychophysical Effects on an Interference Pattern in a Double-Slit Optical System: An Exploratory Analysis of Variance

Radin & Delorme (2022) -- Exploratory reanalysis of a two-year online double-slit experiment (8,294 sessions: 2,825 human, 5,469 robot). The original directional hypothesis was not confirmed by Tre...

2022

Psychophysical Interactions with Electrical Plasma: Three Exploratory Experiments

Radin & Anastasia (2022) -- Three experiments testing directional intention on ionized plasma streams in a sealed EM-shielded chamber (optical-fibre USB isolation). NOTE: this is a *plasma globe* p...

2021

Psychophysical Interactions with a Double-Slit Interference Pattern: Exploratory Evidence of a Causal Influence

Radin, Wahbeh, Michel & Delorme (2021) -- Previously unreported 2012-2013 double-slit experiment (N=25, 250 sessions in shielded chamber at IONS). The planned analysis found no significant effect a...

2020

Commentary: False-Positive Effect in the Radin Double-Slit Experiment on Observer Consciousness as Determined With the Advanced Meta-Experimental Protocol

Radin, Wahbeh, Michel & Delorme (2020) -- Commentary rebutting Walleczek & von Stillfried (2019): argues their false-positive claim was invalid because eight non-overlapping comparisons required mu...

2019 Not in Catalog

*[Radin et al. (2019) β€” referenced as `radin_2019_double_slit` in this controversy but NOT in the catalog β€” a phantom entry. Likely a Physics Essays paper in the double-slit series. Track down and ...

*[Radin et al. (2019) β€” referenced as `radin_2019_double_slit` in this controversy but NOT in the catalog β€” a phantom entry. Likely a Physics Essays paper in the double-slit series. Track down and ...

Paper not yet added to catalog

2018

Mind-Matter Interactions and the Frontal Lobes of the Brain: A Novel Neurobiological Model of Psi Inhibition

Freedman, Binns, Gao et al. (2018) -- "Mind-Matter Interactions and the Frontal Lobes of the Brain" proposes neurobiological model where frontal lobes (medial middle frontal region, Brodmann areas ...

2016

Psychophysical Modulation of Fringe Visibility in a Distant Double-Slit Optical System

Radin, Michel & Delorme (2016) -- Online double-slit experiment with 1,479 participants from 77 countries contributing 2,985 sessions over 2013-2014. Combined analysis: z = 5.72, p = 1.05 x 10^-8; ...

2012

Consciousness and the Double-Slit Interference Pattern: Six Experiments

Radin et al. (2012) -- "Consciousness and the Double-Slit Interference Pattern" reports statistically significant shifts in fringe visibility correlated with observer intention

2011

A Faulty PK Meta-Analysis

Kugel (2011) -- "A Faulty PK Meta-Analysis" provides the most detailed critique of BSB (2006): demonstrates BSB included ~40 ESP studies in their PK database, fabricated z-scores from misinterprete...

2008

Testing Nonlocal Observation as a Source of Intuitive Knowledge

Radin (2008) -- "Testing Nonlocal Observation as a Source of Intuitive Knowledge" β€” pilot Michelson interferometer experiment in double-steel-walled shielded chamber; 18 sessions with 10 participan...

2006

Reexamining Psychokinesis: Commentary on the BΓΆsch, Steinkamp and Boller Meta-Analysis

Radin, Nelson, Dobyns & Houtkooper (2006) -- Point-by-point rebuttal of BΓΆsch et al. (2006) in *Psychological Bulletin*; argues the core assumption that PK effect size is independent of sample size...

2003

Effects of Frontal Lobe Lesions on Intentionality and Random Physical Phenomena

Freedman, Jeffers, Saeger et al. (2003) -- "Effects of Frontal Lobe Lesions on Intentionality and Random Physical Phenomena" tests PEAR claims using patients with frontal lobe damage (hypothesized ...

2003

Does Consciousness Collapse the Wave-Packet?

Bierman (2003) -- Conceptual replication of Hall et al. (1977) testing whether conscious observation collapses the quantum wave-packet. EEG recorded from 30 final observers while a pre-observer ran...

1990

A Gas Discharge Device for Investigating Focussed Human Attention

Tiller (1990) -- Gas discharge cell operated below breakdown voltage at Stanford; ~50 subjects tested over 3 years (1977-1979) in several thousand tests; nearly all produced enhanced electron micro...

1987

The Strange Properties of Psychokinesis

Schmidt (1987) -- Foundational theoretical-experimental paper articulating the 'weak violation' hypothesis (PK affects only quantum-indeterminate outcomes) and 'equivalence' hypothesis (all random ...

Critical Evidence

2020

A Preregistered Multi-Lab Replication of Maier et al. (2014, Exp. 4) Testing Retroactive Avoidance

Maier & Dechamps (2020) -- Another pre-registered mind-matter study reporting null results

2020

Response: Commentary: False-Positive Effect in the Radin Double-Slit Experiment on Observer Consciousness as Determined With the Advanced Meta-Experimental Protocol

Walleczek & von Stillfried (2020) -- Response commentary documenting two instances of HARKing by Radin et al. in their defense of the double-slit experiment: a chi-square test falsely claimed as pr...

2019

Searching for the Impossible: Parapsychology's Elusive Quest

Reber & Alcock (2019) -- "Searching for the Impossible" argues that psi effects, including quantum-mind interactions, violate fundamental physical principles and positive results must reflect metho...

2019 Not in Catalog

Boesch (2019) -- Online RNG experiment with large sample finds no psychokinetic effect

Boesch (2019) -- Online RNG experiment with large sample finds no psychokinetic effect

Paper not yet added to catalog

2019

False-Positive Effect in the Radin Double-Slit Experiment on Observer Consciousness as Determined with the Advanced Meta-Experimental Protocol

Walleczek & von Stillfried (2019) -- Commissioned conceptual replication of the Radin DS-experiment using the Advanced Meta-Experimental Protocol (AMP): 10,000 test trials with pre-specified blinde...

2019

Independent re-analysis of alleged mind-matter interaction in double-slit experimental data

Tremblay (2019) -- Independent re-analysis of Radin et al.'s 2-year double-slit dataset (8,655 sessions) identifies erroneous trimming procedure (trimming before bootstrapping instead of after) tha...

2018

Intentional Observer Effects on Quantum Randomness: A Bayesian Analysis Reveals Evidence Against Micro-Psychokinesis

Maier, Dechamps & Pflitsch (2018) -- Online experiment with 12,571 participants using Bayesian sequential testing found strong evidence for the null hypothesis (BF01=10.07; M=50.02% vs. 50% chance)...

2018

Observer Effects on Quantum Randomness: Testing Micro-Psychokinetic Effects of Smokers on Addiction-Related Stimuli

Maier & Dechamps (2018) -- "Observer Effects on Quantum Randomness: Testing Micro-Psychokinetic Effects of Smokers on Addiction-Related Stimuli" tested unconscious desire (cigarette addiction) as m...

2017

On the Double-Slit Experiment of Dean Radin

PitkΓ€nen (2017) -- Theoretical commentary raising experimenter effect concern: if mental intention can influence physical systems, experimenters' subconscious desires for positive results could pro...

2006

Examining Psychokinesis: The Interaction of Human Intention With Random Number Generatorsβ€”A Meta-Analysis

BΓΆsch, Steinkamp & Boller (2006) -- Meta-analysis of 380 RNG-PK studies (1959-2004) finds a significant but extremely small overall effect (REM: Ο€ = .500286, z = 4.08 excl. 3 outliers), but a stron...

2003

Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi

Alcock (2003) -- "Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance" discusses Jeffers' null double-slit experiments at York University (now cataloged as ibison_jeffers_1998_double_slit) as evidence that conscious...

2000

Mind/Machine Interaction Consortium: PortREG Replication Experiments

Jahn et al. (2000) -- Three-laboratory consortium (PEAR/Princeton, FAMMI/Freiburg, GARP/Giessen) attempted to replicate PEAR's 12-year REG database using identical PortREG equipment and tripolar pr...

1998

A Double-Slit Diffraction Experiment to Investigate Claims of Consciousness-Related Anomalies

Ibison & Jeffers (1998) -- Two-site Young's double-slit experiment (York University: 74 series; Princeton PEAR: 20 series). York result: Z = βˆ’0.481 (null), though secondary analysis showed variance...